Who is responsible for my debts when I die?
It is all very well to leave a Will to deal with all of your assets and what you want to pass on to your loved ones, or leave as inheritance, HOWEVER…what happens to your debt?
There are different types of debt (some of the categories we will look at below) and depending on the type of debt, depends on just what happens to it when you pass.
So, let’s get started…
Personal Debt
Debt may be in your sole personal name. This type of debt is unlikely to pass to anyone else and therefore the responsibility of paying this will fall to your Estate (to be paid from everything you leave behind – property, bank accounts, possessions, cash, ISAs, shares, etc.) and if that is exhausted, the debris extinguished.
However, if the debt was GUARANTEED, then the responsibility for payment of this debt will pass to the person that was your Guarantor and gave the guarantee to be liable for the debt should you be unable to repay it.
Joint Debt
You may have some debts that are not in your sole name, but held jointly, such as your mortgage, a loan, credit cards etc. In these cases the debt does not die with your Estate, rather it passes to the survivor and they become solely responsible for repayment of the debt.
Dealing with Debts After the Death of a Loved One
As an Executor or Administrator, it is extremely important that you deal with the debts of the deceased correctly as although you may not be legally responsible for the debt…if you do not follow the correct process, then you could be held personally liable by those companies that the debt is due to (the Creditors).
Where the deceased owes any debts at all, the distribution of any gifts under the Will should be prevented until all debts have been realised and accounted for (if possible), then when all the debts have been satisfied (and only then!) can the Executors or Administrators look to satisfy the gifts under the Will.
The order in which debt must be paid is set down in law and, briefly, this is as follows:
FIRSTLY
your SECURED creditors. Secured creditors will have their debts secured against assets in the Estate (such as a mortgage on a property) and they will therefore satisfy their debt by taking ownership of that asset. Another example of this type of debt is a loan secured against a car. If the debt is not completely satisfied by the asset that it is secured against (if for example the debt owed on the car is more than the car is worth) then the amount still owed to the Creditor will fall down into the lower category of UNSECURED DEBT.
SECONDLY
payment of FUNERAL EXPENSES. Please bear in mind that where there are other Creditors and debts, the funeral expenses MUST be proportionate to the value of the Estate.
THIRDLY
payment of TESTAMENTARY EXPENSES. These are the costs that are incurred when sorting out the Estate such as postage and travel expenses. It is important to keep a detailed record of any expenses that are incurred as a result of administering the Estate.
FOURTHLY
payment to PREFERRED and PREFERENTIAL CREDITORS. This is an unlikely category for many Estates but may be present where the deceased is an Employer, as this would include the payment of salaries/wages to employees.
FIFTH
is the payment of UNSECURED DEBT. This was briefly mentioned above and is likely to be the biggest category for most people. This would include all debts that are not secured against a specific asset, and so includes utility bills, credit cards, loans, store cards, mobile phone bills etc.
THEN
payment of the INTEREST ON UNSECURED DEBT.
LASTLY
payment of DEFERRED DEBT. This is the category where any loans from family members or friends would fall.
You can only move to the next category of debt, when all the debt in the category before it has been cleared. It is not up to you to decide how much, and to whom, debt is paid.
If there is not enough money to pay everyone in the category then the debt must be paid in proportions depending on the amount owed to each Creditor in that category.
We would strongly advise you to seek professional assistance and advice, if you are dealing with an Estate in which the debts are more than the assets (this is called an INSOLVENT ESTATE).
*NOTE* A word of warning, if you gift money close to your death, and it appears that such gifts have been made in an attempt to avoid repayment of your debts…this money CAN and will be taken into account and used to repay your debts.
If you would like to have a free chat about your existing Will or making a new Will, please contact us on info@TotalLegacyCare.co.uk or 01727 865 121
Leah Waller
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